Avoiding common pitfalls with Zend_Test
Sometimes I think I'm particularly stupid when it comes to learning new things. Well, that, or maybe I'm just the only one complaining enough. ;-)
I feel like I've wasted a great deal of time last week with basics that were nowhere to be found or required debugging to no end. The following is the outcome, a rather random list of things to watch out for when you're starting on Zend_Test.
A general understanding of testing and PHPUnit is more than helpful.
How do you debug?
Did your test not redirect, or did your query assertions go wrong?
Generally, there are two ways:
<?php
// (...)
function testIfTheSunCameUp()
{
var_dump($this->response, $this->request);
}
Not so pretty, right?
In general I don't understand why it will say, "failed asserting status code 404", and will not tell you what it got instead. It offers you a backtrace so you can go into the class and add var_dump(), but that's hardly useful.
One of the things I love about PHPT is that a failed test case is so descriptive. There's really no debugging a failed test because the process of debugging generally involves gathering information where PHPT hands it over to you right away. But maybe that's a PHPUnit thing.
And of course:
phpunit --verbose AllTests.php
My grudge here is that I'm a total PHPUnit newbie. Before Zend_Test I avoided PHPUnit where I could because I felt that it is a beast — one that's especially hard to tame.
Update: Someone else noticed too, please vote on ZF-6013.
Control your environment
We offer a REST-API to partners and that API is basically MVC and lots of context switching depending on GET, POST, PUT, HEAD, DELETE and a couple parameters. I like to think of it as true REST. ;-)
Since the unit tests are run on the cli, not even GET is set. So make sure to add this to your test:
<?php
// (...)
$this->request->setMethod('GET');
Keep in mind that $_SERVER is not set and if you really happen to rely on anything from that ($this->getServer()), you need to explicitly set it or figure out another smart way to deal with it. In my case, I'm overriding some of these $_SERVER variables in my bootstrap with a config setting when I'm using the "testing" environment.
Update: I've opend ZF-6162, please vote.
The basic AllTests.php
AllTests.php is used to tell phpunit what to do, a simple setup would look like this:
tests/AllTests.php
tests/controllers/AllTests.php
tests/controllers/IndexControllerTest.php
tests/controllers/AllTests.php:
<?php
require_once dirname(__FILE__) . '/IndexControllerTest.php';
class ControllersAllTests
{
public static function main()
{
PHPUnit_TextUI_TestRunner::run(self::suite());
}
public static function suite()
{
$suite = new PHPUnit_Framework_TestSuite('Controllers');
$suite->addSuiteCase('IndexControllerTestCase');
return $suite;
}
}
tests/AllTests.php:
<?php
(...)
class AllTests
{
public static function suite()
{
$suite = new PHPUnit_Framework_TestSuite('AllTests');
$suite->addSuite(ControllersAllTests::suite());
return $suite;
}
}
Zend_Session_Namespace
Avoid locking session namespaces, they will stab you in the eye. See ZF-6072.
Zend_Dom_Query
I'd suggest you remove all @-operators from Zend_Dom_Query since it doesn't really tell you what is wrong with the response otherwise. I've opened ZF-6142 so this gets fixed.
Slightly related to Zend_Dom_Query is a bug I noticed when you're response is empty. It's a rather trivial issue where null is not the same as an empty string. I've opened ZF-6143 and included a patch.
Bootstrapping the correct way
The most simple way to bootstrap is to create a small class to initialize your application. The class takes an environment parameter to __construct() which allows you to load a different config section or other nifty stuff. I called mine Lagged_App() and the code came originally from Andries Seuten's example ZF application but it evolved over the past years.
I wouldn't recommend his tutorial today (because things changed since 2007), but at the time it was pretty easy and straight forward. Today's bar is the quickstart section in the official manual. But since the quickstart suggests includes, I spent some time cleaning up my by going through said quickstart guide and I posted a quick and dirty example (which I labeled Lagged_Application)) in my subversion repository on Google Code.
A test case is a test case
I'm using the following "base" test case for all my controller tests:
<?php
class Lagged_PHPUnit_ControllerTestCase
extends Zend_Test_PHPUnit_ControllerTestCase
{
public function setUp()
{
Zend_Session::$_unitTestEnabled = true;
$bootstrap = new Bootstrap('testing');
$this->bootstrap = array($bootstrap, 'start');
parent::setUp();
}
}
Clean up
One of the most fundamental things your mother tried to teach you.
This is in most of my tearDown()'s:
public function tearDown()
{
$this->resetRequest()->resetResponse();
$this->setQuery(array());
$this->setPost(array());
}
Avoid direct PHP calls
I'd avoid the following:
- Skipping views with
echoin the controller (bad, bad, bad ;-)). - Use the
Zend_Action_Helperredirector instead ofheader(). - Use
Zend_Sessionetc. vs.session_*()(Don't forgetZend_Session::$_unitTestEnabled = true;). - Don't dispatch always. ;-)
